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- Network Working Group Paul J. Santos, Jr. (BBN)
- Request for Comments 704 Sept 1975
- NIC #33490
-
-
-
- IMP/Host and Host/IMP Protocol Change
-
- This note is a revision of RFC 687 and sketches the design
- of an expansion to the IMP/host and host/IMP protocol which will
- include among other things the possibility of addressing hosts on
- more than 63 IMPs. Our intention in this expansion is to correct
- certain existing limits without fundamental changes in the
- philosophy of the IMP/host protocol; i.e., while many issues
- which would represent fundamental changes to the IMP/host
- protocol are presently under discussion in the world-wide
- packet-switching community, we are not able to undertake massive
- fundamental changes on a time scale compatible with the short
- term needs for network improvement (e.g., already there are 62
- IMPs).
-
- The following paragraphs cover each of the major
- characteristics of the expanded protocol. A knowledge of Section
- 3 of BBN Report 1822 is assumed. As is discussed below, the
- expanded protocol is backwards compatible.
-
- 1. Expanded Leader Size. The leader will be expanded from two
- to six 16-bit words. This will provide space for necessary field
- expansions and additions. The expansion of the IMP/host
- (host/IMP) leader to 96 bits from 32 causes word-boundary
- problems for some hosts. To be able to deliver messages between
- two hosts of which one is using the old protocol and the other
- the new, without shifting the data in the IMP words, it is
- necessary that the data (i.e. the first bit of the host/host
- leader) start at an even multiple of 8-bit bytes from the
- beginning of the entire message. On the other hand, each host
- prefers (in fact requires, if no shifting is to be performed by
- the host) that the combined host/IMP (IMP/host) and host/host
- leaders occupy some integral number of machine words (defined as
- the smallest sequence of bits that can be independently accessed
- by the host/IMP interface). With a total host/IMP (IMP/host) and
- host/host leader of 136 bits, only machines with 8-, 16-, 32-,
- and 64-bit words will find the leader size suitable. To simplify
- things for machines with other word lengths, a provision of the
- protocol permits each host to tell its IMP a number of 16-bit
- padding words to be inserted between the host/IMP (IMP/host) and
- host/host leaders. This padding will be stripped off during
- host-to-IMP processing by the IMP, and added in during
- IMP-to-host processing. Thus, for instance, 24-bit machines can
- specify one 16-bit word of padding, and 10- and 36-bit machines
- can specify five 16-bit words.
-
- 2. Expanded Address field. The address field will be expanded
- to 32 bits, 16 bits of IMP address, 0 bits of host address, and 8
- bits for (future) network address. This expansion is adequate
- for any forseeable ARPA Network growth.
-
- -1-
-
- 3. New Message Length Field. A new field will be added which
- will allow the source host to optionally specify the message
- length (in bits) to the IMP subnetwork. The IMP subnetwork may
- be able to use this information (when available) to better
- utilize network buffer storage. The destination host may also be
- able to use this information to better utilize its buffer
- storage. This field will be 16 bits wide. There will be
- provision for expanding the maximum number of packets per message
- to 16 from the present 8.
-
- 4. Expanded Handling Type Field. The handling type field which
- now is used to distinguish between priority and non-priority
- message streams, etc., will be expanded to eight bits. This
- expanded field will provide for the possibility of a number of
- parallel message streams having different handling
- characteristics between pairs of hosts; e.g., priority,
- non-priority, varying numbers of packets per message (see below),
- a message stream requiring guaranteed capacity, etc. Only the
- old-style priority and non-priority handling types will be
- available in the initial implementation of the expanded protocol.
-
- 5. Source Host Control of Packets per Message. The possibility
- will exist for the source host to specify a message stream which
- will use a given number of packets per multi-packet message (e.g,
- two packets per message or five packets per message). Since the
- IMP network will not have to use eight packet-buffers for
- reassembly purposes, as at present, this may result in better
- services for such hosts. This will help users who need both low
- delay and high throughput. Since this facility is orthogonal to
- and of lower priority than the address expansion, it will be
- implemented after the other proposed basic changes.
-
- 6. Unordered (type-3) Message Change. Unordered messages will
- be indicated by a subtype of the type O message, rather than by a
- separate message type as at present. This is compatible with the
- need to check the host access control capabilities of all
- messages. This will provide a slight backward incompatibility
- for the three or so hosts which presently use type-3 messages in
- their research.
-
- 7. Change in Format of Fake Host Addresses. The For/From IMP
- bit will be eliminated. The fake host addresses will be the four
- highest host numbers (e.g., IMP Teletype will be host 252).
-
- 8. Addition of a Parameter to the IMP to Host NOP. The IMP to
- host NOP will have added to it a parameter specifying the address
- (IMP and host number) of the host.
-
- 9. Backward Compatibility. The old and new formats will be
- supported in parallel in the IMPs for the foreseeable future to
- allow gradual phaseover of host software. A host will be able to
- specify to its IMP whether the old or new formats are to be used;
- thus, it will be possible for the host to specify switching back
- and forth between the two modes for debugging purposes. The
-
- -2-
-
-
- specification of the mode to be used will be possible via a
- proper choice of format in the host to IMP NOP message; the IMP
- will use the mode of the host to IMP NOP message the IMP has
- received. Further, a host may select to use either the old or
- new format without needing to know more about the other format
- messages than to discard them should they arrive. The IMP will
- initialize by sending several NOP messages of each type to give
- the hosts its choice. Although a host not implementing the new
- format will not be able to address hosts on IMPs with IMP-number
- greater than 63, the IMPs will wherever possible do the
- conversion necessary to permit hosts using the old format to
- communicate with hosts using the new format and the reverse.
-
- 1O. Non-blocking Host Interface. A mechanism will be provided
- which allows the IMP to refuse a message from a host without
- blocking the host interface. This mechanism will permit the IMP
- to gather the necessary resources to send the refused message and
- then ask the host to resend the message. Finally, the host will
- be permitted to ask to be able to send a message and be notified
- when it is possible without requiring the message to actually be
- sent and refused. Again, as in point 5 above, this facility will
- be added after the other more basic changes have been
- implemented.
-
- 11. Maximum Message Length. The maximum number of bits of data
- in a single-packet message may be reduced by a few bits.
-
- We are now producing a draft version of the necessary
- changes to Report 1822 and will circulate it so that host
- programmers can begin to make their preparations.
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